Multipath bandpass filters with passband notches

ABSTRACT

Apparatus and methods related to multipath bandpass filters with passband notches are provided herein. In certain configurations, a multipath bandpass filter includes multiple filter circuit branches or paths that are electrically connected in parallel with one another between an input terminal and an output terminal. The input terminal receives an input signal, and each filter circuit branch includes a downconverter that downconverts the input signal to generate a downconverted signal, a filter network that generates a filtered signal by filtering the downconverted signal, and an upconverter that upconverts the filtered signal to generate a branch output signal. The filter network includes at least one low pass filter and at least one notch filter to provide a passband with in-band notches. The branch output signals from the filter circuit branches are combined to generate an output signal at the output terminal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/906,155, filed Feb. 27, 2018 and titled “MULTIPATH BANDPASS FILTERSWITH PASSBAND NOTCHES,” which claims the benefit of priority under 35U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/468,546,filed Mar. 8, 2017 and titled “MULTIPATH BANDPASS FILTERS WITH PASSBANDNOTCHES,” each of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND Field

Embodiments of the invention relate to electronic systems, and inparticular, to radio frequency (RF) electronics.

Description of Related Technology

Radio frequency (RF) communication systems can be used for transmittingand/or receiving signals of a wide range of frequencies. For example, anRF communication system can be used to wirelessly communicate RF signalsin a frequency range of about 30 kHz to 300 GHz, such as in the range ofabout 450 MHz to about 6 GHz for certain communications standards.

Examples of RF communication systems include, but are not limited to,mobile phones, tablets, base stations, network access points,customer-premises equipment (CPE), laptops, and wearable electronics.

SUMMARY

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a multipathbandpass filter including an input terminal configured to receive aninput signal, an output terminal, and a plurality of filter circuitbranches electrically connected in parallel between the input terminaland the output terminal. Each of the filter circuit branches includes adownconverter configured to generate a downconverted signal bydownconverting the input signal, a filter network including at least onelow pass filter and at least one notch filter configured to filter thedownconverted signal to generate a filtered signal, and an upconverterconfigured to upconvert the filtered signal to generate an upconvertedfiltered signal. Each upconverter having a respective output connectedto the output terminal such that each respective upconverted filteredsignal is combined at the output terminal to thereby generate a bandpasssignal with passband notches.

In some embodiments, a plurality of time instances at which theplurality of filter circuit branches downconvert the input signal arestaggered in time.

In a number of embodiments, the multipath filter further includes aclock generation circuit configured to control the plurality of filtercircuit branches with a plurality of clock signal phases of a commonclock signal frequency but of different phases, the multipath bandpassfilter having a center frequency about equal to the common clock signalfrequency.

In various embodiments, the at least one notch filter is configurable tocontrol a location in frequency of the passband notches.

In several embodiments, the downconverter is configured to receive afirst clock signal phase and the upconverter is configured to receive asecond clock signal phase that is offset from the first clock signalphase. According to some embodiments, the plurality of filter circuitbranches are an integer N in number, and the first clock signal phaseand the second clock signal phase are separated in phase by about360°/N.

In a number of embodiments, the downconverter is a double-indouble-switched downconverter configured to downconvert the input signalwith a pair of clock signals of a common clock signal frequency but ofdifferent phases. According to various embodiments, the multipathbandpass filter has a center frequency about equal to one-half of aproduct of a number of the plurality of filter circuit branches and thecommon clock signal frequency.

In some embodiments, the plurality of filter circuit branches includesat least four filter circuit branches.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a packagedmodule. The packaged module includes a package substrate, and asemiconductor die attached to the package substrate. The semiconductordie has a plurality of circuit branches formed therein, and theplurality of circuit branches are electrically connected in parallelbetween an input node that receives an input signal and an output node.Each of the plurality of filter circuit branches includes adownconverter configured to generate a downconverted signal bydownconverting the input signal, a filter network including at least onelow pass filter and at least one notch filter configured to filter thedownconverted signal to generate a filtered signal, and an upconverterconfigured to upconvert the filtered signal to generate an upconvertedfiltered signal, each upconverter having a respective output connectedto the output node such that each respective upconverted filtered signalis combined at the output node to thereby generate a bandpass signalwith passband notches.

In some embodiments, a plurality of time instances at which theplurality of filter circuit branches downconvert the input signal arestaggered in time.

In various embodiments, the packaged module includes a clock generationcircuit configured to control the plurality of filter circuit brancheswith a plurality of clock signal phases of a common clock signalfrequency but of different phases, the multipath bandpass filter havinga center frequency about equal to the common clock signal frequency.

In several embodiments, the at least one notch filter is configurable tocontrol a location in frequency of the passband notches.

In a number of embodiments, the downconverter is configured to receive afirst clock signal phase and the upconverter is configured to receive asecond clock signal phase that is offset from the first clock signalphase.

In various embodiments, the downconverter is a double-in double-switcheddownconverter configured to downconvert the input signal with a pair ofclock signals of a common clock signal frequency but of differentphases.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a mobiledevice. The mobile device includes an antenna, and a front-end moduleelectrically coupled to the antenna. The front-end module includes aninput terminal configured to receive an input signal from the antenna,an output terminal configured to provide a bandpass filtered signal withnotches, and a plurality of filter circuit branches electricallyconnected in parallel between the input terminal and the outputterminal. Each of the plurality of filter circuit branches includes adownconverter configured to generate a downconverted signal bydownconverting the input signal, a filter network including at least onelow pass filter and at least one notch filter configured to filter thedownconverted signal to generate a filtered signal, and an upconverterconfigured to upconvert the filtered signal to generate an upconvertedfiltered signal. Each upconverter having a respective output connectedto the output terminal such that each respective upconverted filteredsignal is combined at the output terminal to thereby generate a bandpasssignal with passband notches.

In various embodiments, a plurality of time instances at which theplurality of filter circuit branches downconvert the input signal arestaggered in time.

In a number of embodiments, the filter network is configurable tocontrol a frequency response of the multipath bandpass filter.

In several embodiments, the at least one notch filter is configurable tocontrol a location in frequency of the passband notches.

In some embodiments, the downconverter is configured to receive a firstclock signal phase and the upconverter is configured to receive a secondclock signal phase that is offset from the first clock signal phase.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to multipathbandpass filter including an input terminal configured to receive aninput signal, an output terminal, and a plurality of filter pathselectrically connected in parallel between the input terminal and theoutput terminal. Each of the plurality of filter paths including adownconverter configured to generate a downconverted signal bydownconverting the input signal, a filter network including at least onelow pass filter and at least one notch filter configured to filter thedownconverted signal to generate a filtered signal, and an upconverterconfigured to upconvert the filtered signal, the at least one notchfilter operable to provide the multipath bandpass filter with passbandnotches.

In various embodiments, a plurality of time instances at which theplurality of filter paths downconvert the input signal are staggered intime.

In several embodiments, the multipath bandpass filter further includes aclock generation circuit configured to generate a plurality of clocksignal phases of a common clock signal frequency but of differentphases, the plurality of clock signal phases operable to control theplurality of filter paths. According to some embodiments, the multipathbandpass filter has a center frequency about equal to the common clocksignal frequency.

In a number of embodiments, the filter network is configurable tocontrol a frequency response of the multipath bandpass filter.

In various embodiments, the at least one notch filter is configurable tocontrol a location in frequency of the passband notches.

In some embodiments, the at least one notch filter includes two or morenotch filters.

In several embodiments, the downconverter is configured to receive afirst clock signal phase and the upconverter is configured to receive asecond clock signal path that is offset from the first clock signalphase. According to a number of embodiments, the plurality of filterpaths are an integer N in number, and the first clock signal phase andthe second clock signal phase are separated in phase by about 360°/N.

In various embodiments, the downconverter is a double-in double-switcheddownconverter configured to downconvert the input signal with a pair ofclock signals of a common clock signal frequency but of differentphases. According to some embodiments, the multipath bandpass filter hasa center frequency about equal to one-half of a product of a number ofthe plurality of filter paths and the common clock signal frequency. Inaccordance with several embodiments, the plurality of filter paths arean integer N in number, and the pair of clock signals of each of theplurality of filter paths is separated in phase by about 720°/N.According to a number of embodiments, the pair of clock signals for afilter path k of the plurality of filter paths includes a first clocksignal with a phase of about 360° (k−1)/N and a second clock signal witha phase of about 360° (k+1)/N. In accordance with some embodiments, theclock signal of the upconverter has a phase that is about half waybetween a first phase and a second phase of the pair of clocks signals.According to several embodiments, the plurality of filter paths includesan even number of at least four filter paths.

In a number of embodiments, the plurality of filter paths includes atleast three filter paths.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a packagedmodule. The packaged module includes a package substrate, and asemiconductor die attached to the package substrate. The semiconductordie includes a multipath bandpass filter including an input terminalconfigured to receive an input signal, an output terminal, and aplurality of filter paths electrically connected in parallel between theinput terminal and the output terminal, each of the plurality of filterpaths including a downconverter configured to generate a downconvertedsignal by downconverting the input signal, a filter network including atleast one low pass filter and at least one notch filter configured tofilter the downconverted signal to generate a filtered signal, and anupconverter configured to upconvert the filtered signal. The at leastone notch filter is operable to provide the multipath bandpass filterwith passband notches.

In various embodiments, a plurality of time instances at which theplurality of filter paths downconvert the input signal are staggered intime.

In several embodiments, the packaged module further includes a clockgeneration circuit configured to generate a plurality of clock signalphases of a common clock signal frequency but of different phases, theplurality of clock signal phases operable to control the plurality offilter paths. According to a number of embodiments, the multipathbandpass filter has a center frequency about equal to the common clocksignal frequency. In accordance with some embodiments, the filternetwork is configurable to control a frequency response of the multipathbandpass filter.

In some embodiments, the at least one notch filter is configurable tocontrol a location in frequency of the passband notches.

In various embodiments, the at least one notch filter includes two ormore notch filters.

In some embodiments, the downconverter is configured to receive a firstclock signal phase and the upconverter is configured to receive a secondclock signal path that is offset from the first clock signal phase.According to several embodiments, the plurality of filter paths are aninteger N in number, the first clock signal phase and the second clocksignal phase separated in phase by about 360°/N. In accordance withvarious embodiments, the downconverter is a double-in double-switcheddownconverter configured to downconvert the input signal with a pair ofclock signals of a common clock signal frequency but of differentphases. According to a number of embodiments, the multipath bandpassfilter has a center frequency about equal to one-half of a product of anumber of the plurality of filter paths and the common clock signalfrequency. In accordance with several embodiments, the plurality offilter paths are an integer N in number, and the pair of clock signalsof each of the plurality of filter paths are separated in phase by about720°/N. According to various embodiments, the pair of clock signals fora filter path k of the plurality of filter paths includes a first clocksignal with a phase of about 360° (k−1)/N and a second clock signal witha phase of about 360° (k+1)/N. In accordance with a number ofembodiments, the clock signal of the upconverter has a phase that isabout half way between the phases of the pair of clocks signals.According to several embodiments, the plurality of filter paths includesan even number of at least four filter paths.

In various embodiments, the plurality of filter paths includes at leastthree filter paths.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a mobiledevice. The mobile device includes an antenna, and a front-end moduleelectrically coupled to the antenna. The front-end module includes aninput terminal configured to receive an input signal from the antenna,an output terminal configured to provide a bandpass filtered signal withnotches, and a plurality of filter paths electrically connected inparallel between the input terminal and the output terminal. Each of theplurality of filter paths includes a downconverter configured togenerate a downconverted signal by downconverting the input signal, afilter network including at least one low pass filter and at least onenotch filter configured to filter the downconverted signal to generate afiltered signal, and an upconverter configured to upconvert the filteredsignal. The at least one notch filter operable to provide the multipathbandpass filter with passband notches.

In various embodiments, a plurality of time instances at which theplurality of filter paths downconvert the input signal are staggered intime.

In a number of embodiments, the mobile device further includes a clockgeneration circuit configured to generate a plurality of clock signalphases of a common clock signal frequency but of different phases, theplurality of clock signal phases operable to control the plurality offilter paths. According to several embodiments, the multipath bandpassfilter has a center frequency about equal to the common clock signalfrequency.

In various embodiments, the filter network is configurable to control afrequency response of the multipath bandpass filter.

In some embodiments, the at least one notch filter is configurable tocontrol a location in frequency of the passband notches.

In a number of embodiments, the at least one notch filter includes twoor more notch filters.

In various embodiments, the downconverter is configured to receive afirst clock signal phase and the upconverter is configured to receive asecond clock signal path that is offset from the first clock signalphase. According to several embodiments, the plurality of filter pathsare an integer N in number, and the first clock signal phase and thesecond clock signal phase are separated in phase by about 360°/N.

In some embodiments, the downconverter is a double-in double-switcheddownconverter configured to downconvert the input signal with a pair ofclock signals of a common clock signal frequency but of differentphases. According to several embodiments, the multipath bandpass filterhas a center frequency about equal to one-half of a product of a numberof the plurality of filter paths and the common clock signal frequency.In accordance with a number of embodiments, the plurality of filterpaths are an integer N in number, and the pair of clock signals of eachof the plurality of filter paths is separated in phase by about 720°/N.According to various embodiments, the pair of clock signals for a filterpath k of the plurality of filter paths includes a first clock signalwith a phase of about 360° (k−1)/N and a second clock signal with aphase of about 360° (k+1)/N. In accordance with several embodiments, theclock signal of the upconverter has a phase that is about half waybetween the phases of the pair of clocks signals. According to severalembodiments, the plurality of filter paths includes an even number of atleast four filter paths.

In various embodiments, the plurality of filter paths includes at leastthree filter paths.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a multipathbandpass filter including an input terminal configured to receive aradio frequency signal, an output terminal, and a plurality of filterpaths electrically connected in parallel between the input terminal andthe output terminal and operable to filter the radio frequency signal.The plurality of filter paths includes a first filter path including afirst downconverter, a first filter network, and a first upconverter,and a second filter path including a second downconverter, a secondfilter network, and a second upconverter. The first filter networkincludes a first low pass filter and a first notch filter, and thesecond filter network includes a second low pass filter and a secondnotch filter. The multipath bandpass filter further includes a clockgeneration circuit configured to generate a plurality of clock signalphases of a common clock signal frequency but of different phases, theplurality of clock signal phases operable to control the plurality offilter paths.

In several embodiments, a plurality of time instances at which theplurality of filter paths downconvert the radio frequency signal arestaggered in time.

In various embodiments, the multipath bandpass filter has a centerfrequency about equal to the common clock signal frequency.

In a number of embodiments, the first filter network and the secondfilter network are configurable to control a frequency response of themultipath bandpass filter.

In some embodiments, the first notch filter and the second notch filterare configurable to control a location in frequency of the passbandnotches.

In a number of embodiments, the first notch filter and the second notchfilter provide a notch in a passband of the multipath bandpass filter atabout the same frequency as one another.

In several embodiments, the first notch filter provides a first notch ina passband of the multipath bandpass filter and the second notch filterprovides a second notch in the passband of the multipath bandpassfilter, and the first notch and the second notch are at differentfrequencies.

In various embodiments, the first downconverter is configured to receivea first clock signal phase and the first upconverter is configured toreceive a second clock signal path that is offset from the first clocksignal phase. According to several embodiments, the first clock signalphase and the second clock signal phase are separated in phase by about360° divided by a number of the plurality of filter paths.

In some embodiments, the first downconverter is a first double-indouble-switched downconverter and the second downconverter is a seconddouble-in double-switching downconverter. According to severalembodiments, the multipath bandpass filter has a center frequency aboutequal to one-half of a product of a number of the plurality of filterpaths and the common clock signal frequency. In accordance with a numberof embodiments, the plurality of filter paths are an integer N innumber, and the clock generation circuit is operable to provide a filterpath k of the N filter paths with a first downconversion clock signalwith a phase of about 360° (k−1)/N and a second downconversion clocksignal with a phase of about 360° (k+1)/N.

In various embodiments, the plurality of filter paths further includes athird filter path including a third double-in double-switcheddownconverter, a third filter network, and a third upconverter.According to a number of embodiments, the plurality of filter pathsfurther includes a fourth filter path including a fourth double-indouble-switched downconverter, a fourth filter network, and a fourthupconverter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described, by way ofnon-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one example of a communication network.

FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of one example of a communication linkusing carrier aggregation.

FIG. 2B illustrates various examples of carrier aggregation for thecommunication link of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a multipath bandpassfilter with passband notches.

FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter with passband notches.

FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter with passband notches.

FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter with passband notches.

FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter with passband notches.

FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of a multipath bandpassfilter with passband notches.

FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter with passband notches.

FIG. 5C is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter with passband notches.

FIG. 6 is a graph of power versus frequency for one embodiment of amultipath bandpass filter with passband notches.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a multipath bandpassfilter with passband notches and double-in double-switched (DIDS)downconverters.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a multipath bandpass filter withpassband notches and DIDS downconverters according to anotherembodiment.

FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a radio frequencysystem.

FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a radiofrequency system.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a mobile device.

FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a packaged module.

FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of the packagedmodule of FIG. 11A taken along the lines 11B-11B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS

The following detailed description of certain embodiments presentsvarious descriptions of specific embodiments. However, the innovationsdescribed herein can be embodied in a multitude of different ways, forexample, as defined and covered by the claims. In this description,reference is made to the drawings where like reference numerals canindicate identical or functionally similar elements. It will beunderstood that elements illustrated in the figures are not necessarilydrawn to scale. Moreover, it will be understood that certain embodimentscan include more elements than illustrated in a drawing and/or a subsetof the elements illustrated in a drawing. Further, some embodiments canincorporate any suitable combination of features from two or moredrawings.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agencyof the United Nations (UN) responsible for global issues concerninginformation and communication technologies, including the shared globaluse of radio spectrum.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration betweengroups of telecommunications standard bodies across the world, such asthe Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB), theTelecommunications Technology Committee (TTC), the China CommunicationsStandards Association (CCSA), the Alliance for TelecommunicationsIndustry Solutions (ATIS), the Telecommunications Technology Association(TTA), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), andthe Telecommunications Standards Development Society, India (TSDSI).

Working within the scope of the ITU, 3GPP develops and maintainstechnical specifications for a variety of mobile communicationtechnologies, including, for example, second generation (2G) technology(for instance, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) andEnhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)), third generation (3G)technology (for instance, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS) and High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)), and fourth generation (4G)technology (for instance, Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced).

The technical specifications controlled by 3GPP can be expanded andrevised by specification releases, which can span multiple years andspecify a breadth of new features and evolutions.

In one example, 3GPP introduced carrier aggregation (CA) for LTE inRelease 10. Although initially introduced with two downlink carriers,3GPP expanded carrier aggregation in Release 14 to include up to fivedownlink carriers and up to three uplink carriers. Other examples of newfeatures and evolutions provided by 3GPP releases include, but are notlimited to, License Assisted Access (LAA), enhanced LAA (eLAA),Narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-TOT), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), andHigh Power User Equipment (HPUE).

3GPP plans to introduce Phase 1 of fifth generation (5G) technology inRelease 15 (targeted for 2018) and Phase 2 of 5G technology in Release16 (targeted for 2019). Release 15 is anticipated to address 5Gcommunications at less than 6 GHz, while Release 16 is anticipated toaddress communications at 6 GHz and higher. Subsequent 3GPP releaseswill further evolve and expand 5G technology. 5G technology is alsoreferred to herein as 5G New Radio (NR).

Preliminary specifications for 5G NR support a variety of features, suchas communications over millimeter wave spectrum, beam formingcapability, high spectral efficiency waveforms, low latencycommunications, multiple radio numerology, and/or non-orthogonalmultiple access (NOMA). Although such RF functionalities offerflexibility to networks and enhance user data rates, supporting suchfeatures can pose a number of technical challenges.

The teachings herein are applicable to a wide variety of communicationsystems, including, but not limited to, communication systems usingadvanced cellular technologies, such as LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro,and/or 5G NR.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one example of a communication network10. The communication network 10 includes a macro cell base station 1, asmall cell base station 3, and various examples of user equipment (UE),including a first mobile device 2 a, a wireless-connected car 2 b, alaptop 2 c, a stationary wireless device 2 d, a wireless-connected train2 e, and a second mobile device 2 f.

Although specific examples of base stations and user equipment areillustrated in FIG. 1, a communication network can include base stationsand user equipment of a wide variety of types and/or numbers.

For instance, in the example shown, the communication network 10includes the macro cell base station 1 and the small cell base station3. The small cell base station 3 can operate with relatively lowerpower, shorter range, and/or with fewer concurrent users relative to themacro cell base station 1. The small cell base station 3 can also bereferred to as a femtocell, a picocell, or a microcell. Although thecommunication network 10 is illustrated as including two base stations,the communication network 10 can be implemented to include more or fewerbase stations and/or base stations of other types.

Although various examples of user equipment are shown, the teachingsherein are applicable to a wide variety of user equipment, including,but not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, IoT devices,wearable electronics, customer premises equipment (CPE),wireless-connected vehicles, wireless relays, and/or a wide variety ofother communication devices. Furthermore, user equipment includes notonly currently available communication devices that operate in acellular network, but also subsequently developed communication devicesthat will be readily implementable with the inventive systems,processes, methods, and devices as described and claimed herein.

The illustrated communication network 10 of FIG. 1 supportscommunications using a variety of technologies, including, for example,4G LTE, 5G NR, and wireless local area network (WLAN), such as Wi-Fi.Although various examples of communication technologies have beenprovided, the communication network 10 can be adapted to support a widevariety of communication technologies.

Various communication links of the communication network 10 have beendepicted in FIG. 1. The communication links can be duplexed in a widevariety of ways, including, for example, using frequency-divisionduplexing (FDD) and/or time-division duplexing (TDD). FDD is a type ofradio frequency communications that uses different frequencies fortransmitting and receiving signals. FDD can provide a number ofadvantages, such as high data rates and low latency. In contrast, TDD isa type of radio frequency communications that uses about the samefrequency for transmitting and receiving signals, and in which transmitand receive communications are switched in time. TDD can provide anumber of advantages, such as efficient use of spectrum and variableallocation of throughput between transmit and receive directions.

In certain implementations, user equipment can communication with a basestation using one or more of 4G LTE, 5G NR, and Wi-Fi technologies. Incertain implementations, enhanced license assisted access (eLAA) is usedto aggregate one or more licensed frequency carriers (for instance,licensed 4G LTE and/or 5G NR frequencies), with one or more unlicensedcarriers (for instance, unlicensed Wi-Fi frequencies).

The communication links can operate over a wide variety of frequencies.In certain implementations, communications are supported using 5G NRtechnology over one or more frequency bands that are less than 6Gigahertz (GHz) and/or over one or more frequency bands that are greaterthan 6 GHz. In one embodiment, one or more of the mobile devices supporta HPUE power class specification.

In certain implementations, a base station and/or user equipmentcommunicates using beamforming. For example, beamforming can be used tofocus signal strength to overcome path losses, such as high lossassociated with communicating over high signal frequencies. In certainembodiments, user equipment, such as one or more mobile phones,communicate using beamforming on millimeter wave frequency bands in therange of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and/or upper centimeter wave frequencies inthe range of 6 GHz to 30 GHz, or more particularly, 24 GHz to 30 GHz.

Different users of the communication network 10 can share availablenetwork resources, such as available frequency spectrum, in a widevariety of ways.

In one example, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) is used todivide a frequency band into multiple frequency carriers. Additionally,one or more carriers are allocated to a particular user. Examples ofFDMA include, but are not limited to, single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) andorthogonal FDMA (OFDMA). OFDM is a multicarrier technology thatsubdivides the available bandwidth into multiple mutually orthogonalnarrowband subcarriers, which can be separately assigned to differentusers.

Other examples of shared access include, but are not limited to, timedivision multiple access (TDMA) in which a user is allocated particulartime slots for using a frequency resource, code division multiple access(CDMA) in which a frequency resource is shared amongst different usersby assigning each user a unique code, space-divisional multiple access(SDMA) in which beamforming is used to provide shared access by spatialdivision, and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in which the powerdomain is used for multiple access. For example, NOMA can be used toserve multiple users at the same frequency, time, and/or code, but withdifferent power levels.

Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) refers to technology for growing systemcapacity of LTE networks. For example, eMBB can refer to communicationswith a peak data rate of at least 10 Gbps and a minimum of 100 Mbps foreach user. Ultra-reliable low latency communications (uRLLC) refers totechnology for communication with very low latency, for instance, lessthan 2 milliseconds. uRLLC can be used for mission-criticalcommunications such as for autonomous driving and/or remote surgeryapplications. Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) refers to lowcost and low data rate communications associated with wirelessconnections to everyday objects, such as those associated with Internetof Things (IoT) applications.

The communication network 10 of FIG. 1 can be used to support a widevariety of advanced communication features, including, but not limitedto, eMBB, uRLLC, and/or mMTC.

FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of one example of a communication linkusing carrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation can be used to widenbandwidth of the communication link by supporting communications overmultiple frequency carriers, thereby increasing user data rates andenhancing network capacity by utilizing fragmented spectrum allocations.

In the illustrated example, the communication link is provided between abase station 11 and a mobile device 12. As shown in FIG. 2A, thecommunications link includes a downlink channel used for RFcommunications from the base station 11 to the mobile device 12, and anuplink channel used for RF communications from the mobile device 12 tothe base station 11.

Although FIG. 2A illustrates carrier aggregation in the context of FDDcommunications, carrier aggregation can also be used for TDDcommunications.

In certain implementations, a communication link can provideasymmetrical data rates for a downlink channel and an uplink channel.For example, a communication link can be used to support a relativelyhigh downlink data rate to enable high speed streaming of multimediacontent to a mobile device, while providing a relatively slower datarate for uploading data from the mobile device to the cloud.

In the illustrated example, the base station 11 and the mobile device 12communicate via carrier aggregation, which can be used to selectivelyincrease bandwidth of the communication link. Carrier aggregationincludes contiguous aggregation, in which contiguous carriers within thesame operating frequency band are aggregated. Carrier aggregation canalso be non-contiguous, and can include carriers separated in frequencywithin a common band or in different bands.

In the example shown in FIG. 2A, the uplink channel includes threeaggregated component carriers f_(UL1), f_(UL2), and f_(UL3).Additionally, the downlink channel includes five aggregated componentcarriers f_(DL1), f_(DL2), f_(DL3), f_(DL4), and f_(DL5). Although oneexample of component carrier aggregation is shown, more or fewercarriers can be aggregated for uplink and/or downlink. Moreover, anumber of aggregated carriers can be varied over time to achieve desireduplink and downlink data rates.

For example, a number of aggregated carriers for uplink and/or downlinkcommunications with respect to a particular mobile device can changeover time. For example, the number of aggregated carriers can change asthe device moves through the communication network and/or as networkusage changes over time.

FIG. 2B illustrates various examples of carrier aggregation for thecommunication link of FIG. 2A. FIG. 2B includes a first carrieraggregation scenario 15, a second carrier aggregation scenario 16, and athird carrier aggregation scenario 17, which schematically depict threetypes of carrier aggregation.

The carrier aggregation scenarios 15-17 illustrate different spectrumallocations for a first component carrier f_(cc1), a second componentcarrier f_(cc2), and a third component carrier f_(cc3). Although FIG. 2Bis illustrated in the context of aggregating three component carriers,carrier aggregation can be used to aggregate more or fewer carriers.

The first carrier aggregation scenario 15 illustrates intra-bandcontiguous carrier aggregation, in which component carriers that areadjacent in frequency and in a common frequency band are aggregated. Forexample, the first carrier aggregation scenario 15 depicts aggregationof component carriers f_(cc1), f_(cc2), and f_(cc3) that are contiguousand located within a first frequency band BAND1.

With continuing reference to FIG. 2B, the second carrier aggregationscenario 16 illustrates intra-band non-continuous carrier aggregation,in which two or more components carriers that are non-adjacent infrequency and within a common frequency band are aggregated. Forexample, the second carrier aggregation scenario 16 depicts aggregationof component carriers f_(cc1), f_(cc2), and f_(cc3) that arenon-contiguous, but located within a first frequency band BAND1.

The third carrier aggregation scenario 17 illustrates inter-bandnon-contiguous carrier aggregation, in which component carriers that arenon-adjacent in frequency and in multiple frequency bands areaggregated. For example, the third carrier aggregation scenario 17depicts aggregation of component carriers f_(cc1) and f_(cc2) of a firstfrequency band BAND1 with component carrier f_(cc3) of a secondfrequency band BAND2.

With reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the individual component carriersused in carrier aggregation can be of a variety of frequencies,including, for example, frequency carriers in the same band or inmultiple bands. Additionally, carrier aggregation is applicable toimplementations in which the individual component carriers are of aboutthe same bandwidth as well as to implementations in which the individualcomponent carriers have different bandwidths.

Certain communication networks allocate a particular user device with aprimary component carrier (PCC) or anchor carrier for uplink and a PCCfor downlink. Additionally, when the mobile device communicates using asingle frequency carrier for uplink or downlink, the user devicecommunicates using the PCC. To enhance bandwidth for uplinkcommunications, the uplink PCC can be aggregated with one or more uplinksecondary component carriers (SCCs). Additionally, to enhance bandwidthfor downlink communications, the downlink PCC can be aggregated with oneor more downlink SCCs.

In certain implementations, a communication network provides a networkcell for each component carrier. Additionally, a primary cell canoperate using a PCC, while a secondary cell can operate using a SCC. Theprimary and second cells may have different coverage areas, forinstance, due to differences in frequencies of carriers and/or networkenvironment.

License assisted access (LAA) refers to downlink carrier aggregation inwhich a licensed frequency carrier associated with a mobile operator isaggregated with a frequency carrier in unlicensed spectrum, such asWi-Fi. LAA employs a downlink PCC in the licensed spectrum that carriescontrol and signaling information associated with the communicationlink, while unlicensed spectrum is aggregated for wider downlinkbandwidth when available. LAA can operate with dynamic adjustment ofsecondary carriers to avoid Wi-Fi users and/or to coexist with Wi-Fiusers. Enhanced license assisted access (eLAA) refers to an evolution ofLAA that aggregates licensed and unlicensed spectrum for both downlinkand uplink.

Multipath Bandpass Filters with Passband Notches

Bandpass filters can be used to filter signals in radio frequency (RF)systems. For example, bandpass filters can be used to provide filteringof a wide variety of RF signals, including, but not limited to, wirelesslocal area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, and/or cellularsignals. Bandpass filters can be used in a wide variety of electronicdevices, including, but not limited to, smartphones, base stations,handsets, wearable electronics, and/or tablets.

One type of bandpass filter is a multipath bandpass filter, which isalso referred to as an N-path bandpass filter.

Multipath bandpass filters with passband notches are provided herein. Incertain configurations, a multipath bandpass filter includes multiplefilter circuit branches or paths that are electrically connected inparallel with one another between an input terminal and an outputterminal. The input terminal receives an input signal, and each filtercircuit branch includes a downconverter that downconverts the inputsignal to generate a downconverted signal, a filter network thatgenerates a filtered signal by filtering the downconverted signal, andan upconverter that upconverts the filtered signal to generate a branchoutput signal. The filter network includes at least one low pass filterand at least one notch filter to provide a passband with in-bandnotches. The branch output signals from the filter circuit branches arecombined to generate an output signal at the output terminal.

Providing a bandpass filter with passband notches can provide a numberof advantages. For example, a bandpass filter with passband notches canbe used not only to attenuate out-of-band frequencies, but also toattenuate certain in-band frequency channels while passing other in-bandfrequency channels. For instance, in wideband and ultra-widebandtransceiver architectures, a bandpass filter with passband notches canbe used to remove in-band blockers and/or to support aggregation (see,for example, FIGS. 2A and 2B) by allowing removal of specific frequencychannels of a band.

In certain implementations, the filter circuit branches are configurablesuch that the location in frequency of the passband and/or in-bandnotches can be controlled. For example, the clock signal frequency usedfor frequency conversion can be controlled to change a center frequencyof the passband. Additionally, the filter network of a filter circuitbranch can include variable components (for instance, tunable and/orprogrammable filter circuitry) used to control passband characteristics,such as bandwidth, corner frequency, and/or locations of in-bandnotches.

In such implementations, the component values of the filter networks canbe selected in a wide variety of ways. In one example, the multipathbandpass filter can be fabricated on an IC or semiconductor chip thatincludes a serial interface, and data can be received over the interface(for instance, from a transceiver or RFIC) to control selected values offilter network components. By configuring the filter circuit branches,the frequency response of the multipath bandpass filter can becontrolled to provide a desired location in frequency of the passbandand/or in-band notches.

Thus, the teachings herein can be used to provide a versatile RF filtersuitable for a wide variety of applications.

The multipath bandpass filters with in-band notches described herein canbe fabricated using integrated circuit processes. Thus, in contrast tocertain microstrip structures, the multipath bandpass filters providedherein can be fabricated on-chip. This in turn enhances integration, andallows one or more multipath bandpass filters to be formed on a commonsemiconductor chip with switches, amplifiers, and/or other RF circuitry.Furthermore, one or more multipath bandpass filters with in-band notchescan be included in an RF system to reduce or eliminate a number ofdiscrete filters, such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters and/orbulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters.

In certain implementations, each filter circuit branch includes adouble-in double-switched (DIDS) downconverter that downconverts theinput signal with two different clock signal phases to generate adownconverted signal. The DIDS downconverters operate with multipleclock signals of about the same frequency but different phases, and theclock signal frequency can be changed to control a center frequency ofthe multipath bandpass filter.

By using a DIDS downconverter in each filter circuit branch, the clockfrequency corresponding to a given center frequency is relatively low.For example, in an implementation using N filter circuit branches, theclock frequency (f_(CLK)) corresponding to a particular center frequency(f_(CENTER)) can be about equal to (2/N)*f_(CENTER). Thus, using DIDSdownconverters relaxes timing constraints corresponding to a givencenter frequency, thereby facilitating implementation of the bandpassfilter with reduced expense and/or complexity.

Additionally, using DIDS downconverters in the filter circuit branchesaids in suppressing even order harmonics. Thus, a multipath bandpassfilter with DIDS downconverters can be used to attenuate out-of-bandfrequencies, while maintaining signal quality of in-band frequencies. Incontrast, a multipath bandpass filter that operates without DIDSdownconverters can have a filter frequency response that includesadditional selectivity at even and odd harmonics of the switchingfrequency.

Furthermore, such a filter's out-of-band frequency rejection isadversely affected by switching resistance, and the filter operates witha relatively high clock frequency to achieve a given center frequency.Accordingly, a multipath bandpass filter that operates without DIDSdownconverters can have degraded harmonic performance, poor out-of-bandrejection, and/or high cost and complexity.

Moreover, the multipath bandpass filters herein can exhibit improvedout-of-band rejection even when switches used for frequency conversionhave relatively high resistance.

FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a multipath bandpassfilter 60 with passband notches. The multipath bandpass filter 60includes a first filter circuit branch or path 21, a second filtercircuit branch 22, a third filter circuit branch 23, and a clockgeneration circuit 28. As shown in FIG. 3A, the filter circuit branches21-23 are electrically connected in parallel with one another between aninput terminal IN and an output terminal OUT. A filter circuit branch isalso referred to herein as a filter path.

Although an implementation of a multipath bandpass filter using threecircuit branches is shown, the teachings herein are applicable toimplementations using other numbers of filter circuit branches. In oneembodiment, a multipath bandpass filter includes at least 2 filtercircuit branches. In another embodiment, a multipath bandpass filterincludes at least 3 filter circuit branches. In yet another embodiment,a multipath bandpass filter includes at least 4 filter circuit branches.

As shown in FIG. 3A, each of the filter circuit branches 21-23 includesa downconverter, a filter network, and an upconverter. For example, thefirst filter circuit branch 21 includes a first downconverter 31, afirst filter network 35, and a first upconverter 41. Additionally, thesecond filter circuit branch 22 includes a second downconverter 32, asecond filter network 36, and a second upconverter 42. Furthermore, thethird filter circuit branch 23 includes a third downconverter 33, athird filter network 37, and a third upconverter 43.

With respect to each of the filter circuit branches 21-23, the branch'sdownconverter downconverts the input signal from the input terminal INto generate a downconverted signal. Additionally, the branch's filternetwork operates to filter the downconverted signal to generate afiltered signal, which in turn is upconverted using the branch'supconverter to generate a branch output signal. Additionally, the branchoutput signals are combined to generate a bandpass signal with passbandnotches at the output terminal OUT. A branch output signal is alsoreferred to herein as a path output signal.

The filter networks 35-37 are implemented to control a frequencyresponse of the bandpass filter. In the illustrated embodiment, each ofthe filter networks 35-37 includes a low pass filter and a notch filter.For example, the first filter network 35 includes a first low passfilter 45 and a first notch filter 51. Additionally, the second filternetwork 36 includes a second low pass filter 46 and a second notchfilter 52. Furthermore, the third filter network 37 includes a third lowpass filter 47 and a third notch filter 53.

Although FIG. 3A illustrated an embodiment in which each filter networkincludes one low pass filter and one notch filter, other implementationsare possible, including, but not limited to, implementations in which afilter network includes multiple low pass filters and/or multiple notchfilters.

In certain implementations, each of the filter networks 35-37 includessubstantially identical circuitry. However, other implementations arepossible. In one example, the notch filters 51-53 of the filter networks35-37 can be implemented with different notch frequencies and/ordifferent amounts of attenuation relative to one another to provide themultipath bandpass filter 60 with a desired overall frequency response.

In one embodiment, the low pass filters 45-47 each have a cornerfrequency f_(c), and the notch filters 51-53 provide frequency notchesthat are in the passband.

Implementing the multipath bandpass filter 60 with in-band notches canprovide a number of advantages. For example, the multipath bandpassfilter 60 can be used to attenuate out-of-band frequencies and certainin-band frequency channels while passing other frequency channels of theband. For instance, the multipath bandpass filter 60 can be used toremove in-band blockers and/or to support aggregation by allowingremoval or attenuation of specific frequency channels.

The low pass filters 45-47 and the notch filters 51-53 of the filternetworks 35-37 can be implemented in a wide variety of ways, includingbut not limited to, using single order filters, higher order filters,passive filters, active filters, and/or switched capacitor filters.

In certain implementations, the filter networks 35-37 are configurableto provide control over a frequency response of the multipath bandpassfilter 60. In one embodiment, at least one of a low pass filter or anotch filter of a filter network is configurable such that the locationin frequency of the passband and/or the in-band notches can becontrolled. In one example, the capacitance of a filter is variable (forinstance, tunable and/or programmable) to control the filter's frequencyresponse. In another example, the resistance of a filter is variable(for instance, tunable and/or programmable). In yet another example, theinductance of a filter is variable (for instance, tunable and/orprogrammable).

Each of the downconverters 31-33 provides downconversion using clocksignals of about the same frequency (fax), but different phases. Forexample, the downconversion clock signals are of different phases, suchthat the time instances at which the downconverters 31-33 downconvertthe input signal are staggered in time. In one embodiment, a multipathbandpass filter includes N filter circuit branches, and a filter circuitbranch k of the N filter circuit branches includes a downconverter thatoperates with a phase of about 360° (k−1)/N.

The upconverters 41-43 can also operate with a clock signal frequency ofabout fax, but with different phases from one another. The clock phaseof a given upconverter is offset in phase from the clock signal phasesof a corresponding downconverter. Implementing a filter circuit branchin this manner aids in providing sufficient time for the node voltagesof the filter circuit branch to settle (for instance, to providesufficient time for capacitors to charge or discharge). In oneembodiment, a multipath bandpass filter includes N filter circuitbranches, and a filter circuit branch k of the N filter circuit branchesincludes an upconverter that operates with a phase of about 360° (k/N).

The clock generation circuit 28 can be implemented in a wide variety ofways, including, but not limited to, using digital circuitry (forinstance, clock dividers), phase-locked loops (PLLs), multiphaseoscillators, and/or polyphase filters. Although not illustrated in FIG.3A, in certain implementations the clock generation circuit 28 receivesa reference clock signal.

The multipath bandpass filter 60 has a bandpass center frequency(f_(CENTER)) that is controllable by changing the clock signal frequency(fax). In the illustrated embodiment, the bandpass center frequencyf_(CENTER) is about equal to the clock signal frequency f_(CLK).However, other implementations are possible. For example, as will bedescribed below with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, in other embodiments aDIDS downconverter is used in each filter circuit branch to provide adesired center frequency using a relatively slower clock signalfrequency.

FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter 60′ with passband notches. The multipath bandpass filter60′ includes a first filter circuit branch 21′, a second filter circuitbranch 22′, a third filter circuit branch 23′, and a clock generationcircuit 28′. As shown in FIG. 3B, the filter circuit branches 21′-23′and the clock generation circuit 28′ are connected to a serialinterface, which can be used to provide data for controlling variousfiltering characteristics of the multipath bandpass filter 60′. In oneembodiment, a transceiver or radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)controls data programmed over the serial interface.

The multipath bandpass filter 60′ of FIG. 3B is similar to the multipathbandpass filter 60 of FIG. 3A, except that the multipath bandpass filter60′ is implemented with variable filter circuitry such that one or moreof the filter's filtering characteristics are configurable. For example,the first filter circuit branch 21′ includes a first downconverter 31, afirst variable filter network 35′, and a first upconverter 41.Additionally, the second filter circuit branch 22′ includes a seconddownconverter 32, a second variable filter network 36′, and a secondupconverter 42. Furthermore, the third filter circuit branch 23′includes a third downconverter 33, a third variable filter network 37′,and a third upconverter 43.

In certain implementations, the variable filter networks 35′-37′ includeone or more circuit components (for instance, resistors and/orcapacitors) that are tunable and/or programmable to provide control overthe frequency characteristics of the filter networks. In certainconfigurations, the variable filter networks 35′-37′ are controllable bydata received over the serial interface.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the clock generation circuit 28′ includes a PLL 29,which can be used to generate the clock signals for controlling thefilter circuit branches 21′-23′. In certain configurations, the outputclock frequency of the PLL 29 is controlled by data received over theserial interface, thereby providing programmability of the centerfrequency of the passband of the multipath bandpass filter 60′. Forinstance, the data can control divisor values of a feedback divider ofthe PLL 29 to thereby control output clock frequency relative to afrequency of a reference clock signal CLK_(REF).

The serial interface can be implemented in a wide variety of ways. Incertain implementations, the serial interface corresponds to a mobileindustry processor interface radio frequency front-end (MIPI RFFE) bus,an inter-integrated circuit (I²C) bus, or any other suitable interfaceor bus.

FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter 120 with passband notches. The multipath bandpass filter120 includes a first filter circuit branch 61, a second filter circuitbranch 62, a kth filter circuit branch 63, and an Nth filter circuitbranch 64. The filter circuit branches 61-64 are electrically connectedin parallel with one another between the input terminal IN and theoutput terminal OUT.

The first filter circuit branch 61 includes a first downconverting mixer71 that operates with a clock signal phase fn. Additionally, the firstfilter circuit branch 61 further includes a low pass filter 101 with alinear time invariant transfer function h(t) and a notch filter 111.Furthermore, the first filter circuit branch 61 further includes anupconverting mixer 91 that operates with clock signal phase θ₁.

With continuing reference to FIG. 4A, the second filter circuit branch62 includes a second downconverting mixer 72 that operates with clocksignal phase ϕ₂. Additionally, the second filter circuit branch 62further includes a low pass filter 102 with transfer function h(t) and anotch filter 112. Furthermore, the second filter circuit branch 62further includes an upconverting mixer 92 that operates with clocksignal phase θ₂.

The kth filter circuit branch 63 further includes a kth downconvertingmixer 73 that operates with clock signal phase ϕ_(k). The kth filtercircuit branch 63 further includes a low pass filter 103 with transferfunction h(t) and a notch filter 113. Furthermore, the kth filtercircuit branch 63 further includes an upconverting mixer 93 thatoperates with clock signal phase θ_(k).

With continuing reference to FIG. 4A, the Nth filter circuit branch 64further includes an Nth downconverting mixer 74 that operates with clocksignal phase ϕ_(N). The Nth filter circuit branch 64 further includes alow pass filter 104 with transfer function h(t) and a notch filter 114.Furthermore, the Nth filter circuit branch 64 further includes anupconverting mixer 94 that operates with clock signal phase θ_(N).

FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter 130 with passband notches. The multipath bandpass filter130 of FIG. 4B is similar to the multipath bandpass filter 120 of FIG.4A, except the multipath bandpass filter 130 illustrates specific clocksignal phases for the mixers of the filter circuit branches 61-64.

In particular, the downconverting mixer 71 of the first filter circuitbranch 61 operates with a clock signal phase 360° (0/N), and theupconverting mixer 91 of the first filter circuit branch 61 operateswith a clock signal phase 360° (1/N). Additionally, the downconvertingmixer 72 of the second filter circuit branch 62 operates with a clocksignal phase 360° (1/N), and the upconverting mixer 92 of the secondfilter circuit branch 62 operates with a clock signal phase 360° (2/N).Furthermore, the downconverting mixer 73 of the kth filter circuitbranch 63 operates with a clock signal phase 360° (k−1)/N, and theupconverting mixer 93 of the kth filter circuit branch 63 operates witha clock signal phase 360° (k/N). Additionally, the downconverting mixer74 of the Nth filter circuit branch 64 operates with a clock signalphase 360° (N−1)/N, and the upconverting mixer 94 of the Nth filtercircuit branch 64 operates with a clock signal phase 360° (N/N).

In the illustrated embodiment, the clock signal phases of adownconverting mixer and an upconverting mixer in a particular filtercircuit branch are separated in phase by about 360°/N. Additionally,each filter circuit branch outputs a filtered signal over a timeinterval of T_(CLK)/N, where T_(CLK) is the period of the clock signal.Furthermore, the clock signals of successive branches are offset by aphase difference of about 360°/N.

Although one example implementation of clock signal phases forupconverting mixers and downconverting mixers is illustrated in FIG. 4B,clock signal phases for mixers can be implemented in a wide variety ofways.

FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter 160. The multipath bandpass filter 160 of FIG. 4C issimilar to the multipath bandpass filter 120 of FIG. 4A, except themultipath bandpass filter 160 includes a different implementation offilter networks in each filter circuit branch.

In particular the multipath bandpass filter 160 includes filter circuitbranches 141-144 that each include a downconverting mixer, a first notchfilter, a low pass filter, a second notch filter, and an upconvertingmixer. For example, the first filter circuit branch 141 includes acascade of a downconverting mixer 71, a first notch filter 111, a lowpass filter 101, a second notch filter 151, and an upconverting mixer91. Additionally, the second filter circuit branch 142 includes acascade of a downconverting mixer 72, a first notch filter 112, a lowpass filter 102, a second notch filter 152, and an upconverting mixer92. Furthermore, the kth filter circuit branch 143 includes a cascade ofa downconverting mixer 73, a first notch filter 113, a low pass filter103, a second notch filter 153, and an upconverting mixer 93.Additionally, the Nth filter circuit branch 144 includes a cascade of adownconverting mixer 74, a first notch filter 114, a low pass filter104, a second notch filter 154, and an upconverting mixer 94.

Filter networks of filter circuit branches can be implemented in a widevariety of ways, including, but not limited to, implementations usingmultiple notch filters. Although an example with two notch filters perbranch is shown, the teachings herein are also applicable to filtercircuit branches that include three or more notch filters per branch.

FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of a multipath bandpassfilter 250 with passband notches. The multipath bandpass filter 250includes a first filter circuit branch 191, a second filter circuitbranch 192, a third filter circuit branch 193, a fourth filter circuitbranch 194, and a shared input resistor 230. Each of the filter circuitbranches 191-194 includes an input electrically connected to a voltageinput terminal V_(IN) via the shared input resistor 230. Additionally,each of the filter circuit branches 191-194 includes an outputelectrically connected to a voltage output terminal V_(OUT).

Although an example with four filter circuit branches is shown, theteachings herein are applicable to multipath bandpass filters using moreor fewer filter circuit branches. Additionally, although a specificimplementation of filter path circuitry is shown, the teachings hereinare applicable to filter circuit branches implemented in a wide varietyof ways. Accordingly, other implementations are possible.

The first filter circuit branch 191 includes an input switchfield-effect transistor (FET) 201 that receives a clock signal phase ofabout 0°, a shunt filter capacitor 231, a notch filter 241, and anoutput switch FET 221 that operates with a clock signal phase of about90°. Additionally, the second filter circuit branch 192 includes aninput switch FET 202 that receives a clock signal phase of about 90°, ashunt filter capacitor 232, a notch filter 242, and an output switch FET222 that operates with a clock signal phase of about 180°. Furthermore,the third filter circuit branch 193 includes an input switch FET 203that receives a clock signal phase of about 180°, a shunt filtercapacitor 233, a notch filter 243, and an output switch FET 223 thatoperates with a clock signal phase of about 270°. Additionally, thefourth filter circuit branch 194 includes an input switch FET 204 thatreceives a clock signal phase of about 270°, a shunt filter capacitor234, a notch filter 244, and an output switch FET 224 that operates witha clock signal phase of about 0°.

The illustrated multipath bandpass filter 250 includes filter networksthat include a cascade of a first-order low pass filter and a notchfilter. For example, each of the filter circuit branches 191-194 includea shunt capacitor that operates in combination with the shared inputresistor 230 as a first-order low pass filter. Additionally, each of thefilter circuit branches 191-194 includes a notch filter.

Sharing the input resistor 230 or other circuitry across paths orbranches can reduce component count and/or path-to-path variation.However, other implementations are possible.

FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter 270 with passband notches. The multipath bandpass filter270 of FIG. 5B is similar to the multipath bandpass filter 250 of FIG.5A, except that the multipath bandpass filter 270 omits a shared inputresistor in favor of using separate resistors in each filter circuitbranch. For example, as shown in FIG. 5B, the filter circuit branches251-254 include filter resistors 261-264, respectively.

FIG. 5C is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter 280 with passband notches. The multipath bandpass filter280 of FIG. 5C is similar to the multipath bandpass filter 250 of FIG.5A, except that the multipath bandpass filter 280 is implemented usingdifferential filter circuit branches. For example, the multipathbandpass filter 280 includes first to fourth differential filter circuitbranches 271-274, respectively.

Implementing a multipath bandpass filter using differential filtercircuit branches can enhance performance with respect to suppressingeven order harmonics.

FIG. 6 is a graph of power versus frequency for one embodiment of amultipath bandpass filter with passband notches. The graph correspondsto one simulation of the multipath bandpass filter 130 of FIG. 4B inwhich N=4, in which the low pass filters 101-104 are implemented assecond-order Butterworth Sallen-Key low pass filters, and in which thenotch filters 111-114 are the same as one another.

As shown in FIG. 6, in-band notches are present in the passband of themultipath bandpass filter. Providing a bandpass filter with passbandnotches can provide a number of advantages. For example, a bandpassfilter with passband notches can be used to attenuate out-of-bandfrequencies and certain in-band frequency channels while passing otherfrequency channels of the band. For instance, in wideband andultra-wideband transceiver architectures, a bandpass filter withpassband notches can be used to remove in-band blockers and/or tosupport aggregation by allowing a receiver to remove specific frequencychannels.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a multipath bandpassfilter 320 with passband notches and double-in double-switched (DIDS)downconverters. The multipath bandpass filter 320 includes a firstfilter circuit branch 301, a second filter circuit branch 302, a thirdfilter circuit branch 303, and a clock generation circuit 308. As shownin FIG. 7, the filter circuit branches 301-303 are electricallyconnected in parallel with one another between an input terminal IN andan output terminal OUT.

Although an implementation of a multipath bandpass filter using threefilter circuit branches is shown, the teachings herein are applicable toimplementations using other numbers of filter circuit branches. In oneembodiment, a multipath bandpass filter with passband notches and DIDSdownconverters includes an even number of at least 4 filter circuitbranches.

As shown in FIG. 7, each of the filter circuit branches 301-303 includesa DIDS downconverter, a filter network, and an upconverter. For example,the first filter circuit branch 301 includes a first DIDS downconverter311, a first filter network 35, and a first upconverter 41.Additionally, the second filter circuit branch 302 includes a secondDIDS downconverter 312, a second filter network 36, and a secondupconverter 42. Furthermore, the third filter circuit branch 303includes a third DIDS downconverter 313, a third filter network 37, anda third upconverter 43.

Each of the DIDS downconverters 311-313 provides downconversion using apair of clock signals of about the same frequency (fax), but differentphases. For example, the clock generation circuit 308 generates a firstpair of downconversion clock signals for the DIDS downconverter 311, asecond pair of downconversion clock signals for the second DIDSdownconverter 312, and a third pair of downconversion clock signals forthe third DIDS downconverter 313. The downconversion clock signals areof different phases, such that the time instances at which the DIDSdownconverters 311-313 downconvert the input signal are staggered intime.

In one embodiment, a multipath bandpass filter with DIDS downconvertersincludes N filter circuit branches, and a filter circuit branch k of theN filter circuit branches includes a DIDS downconverter that operateswith a first clock signal having a phase of about 360° (k−1)/N and asecond clock having a phase of about 360° (k+1)/N.

The upconverters 41-43 can also operate with a clock signal frequency ofabout fax, but with different phases from one another. The clock phaseof a given upconverter is offset in phase from the clock signal phasesof a corresponding DIDS converter. Implementing a filter circuit branchin this manner aids in providing sufficient time for the node voltagesof the filter circuit branch to settle (for instance, to providesufficient time for capacitors to charge or discharge). In oneembodiment, a multipath bandpass filter with DIDS downconvertersincludes N filter circuit branches, and a filter circuit branch k of theN filter circuit branches includes an upconverter that operates with aphase of about 360° (k/N).

The multipath bandpass filter 320 operates with superior even harmonicsuppression performance.

For example, using the DIDS downconverters 311-313 reduces or eliminateseven order harmonics, thereby significantly improving the performance ofthe filter. The even order harmonic suppression is achieved with lowercost and/or higher performance relative to a fully differentialimplementation. Thus, the performance with respect to suppressing evenharmonics is superior when each filter circuit branch includes a DIDSdownconverter relative to when each filter circuit branch includes asingle-switched downconverter.

The multipath bandpass filter 320 also provides a desired centerfrequency (f_(CENTER)) using a relatively slow clock signal frequency(f_(CLK)) for upconversion and downconversion. For example, in certainimplementations, f_(CENTER) is about equal to (N/2)f_(CLK). In suchimplementations, to achieve a desired center frequency f_(CENTER), theclock signal frequency fax is selected to be about equal to(2/N)f_(CENTER).

Lowering a frequency of fax (relative to an implementation in which faxis about equal to f_(CENTER)) provides a number of advantages,including, for example, reduced complexity and/or cost of the clockgeneration circuit 308. For example, the clock generation circuit 308can generate non-overlapping clock signals of about the same frequencybut of different phases. By reducing clocking constraints, the multipathbandpass filter 320 can be cheaper, faster, and/or easier tomanufacture.

In the illustrated embodiment, the multipath bandpass filter 320 alsoprovides a desired center frequency (f_(CENTER)) using a relatively slowclock signal frequency (f_(CLK)) for upconversion and downconversion.For example, in certain implementations, f_(CENTER) is about equal to(N/2)f_(CLK).

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multipathbandpass filter 360 with passband notches and DIDS downconverters. Themultipath bandpass filter 360 includes a first filter circuit branch341, a second filter circuit branch 342, a kth filter circuit branch343, and an Nth filter circuit branch 344. The filter circuit branches341-344 are electrically connected in parallel with one another betweenthe input terminal IN and the output terminal OUT.

The first filter circuit branch 341 includes a first DIDS downconverterimplemented using a first downconverting mixer 351 a and a seconddownconverting mixer 351 b that are in parallel with one another andoperate with clock signal phases 360° (0/N) and 360° (2/N),respectively. The first filter circuit branch 341 further includes a lowpass filter 301 with transfer function h(t), a notch filter 111, and anupconverting mixer 91 that operates with clock signal phase 360° (1/N).

With continuing reference to FIG. 8, the second filter circuit branch342 includes a second DIDS downconverter implemented using a firstdownconverting mixer 352 a and a second downconverting mixer 352 b thatare in parallel with one another and operate with clock signal phases360° (1/N) and 360° (3/N), respectively. The second filter circuitbranch 342 further includes a low pass filter 102 with transfer functionh(t), a notch filter 112, and an upconverting mixer 92 that operateswith clock signal phase 360° (2/N).

The kth filter circuit branch 343 further includes a kth DIDSdownconverter implemented using a first downconverting mixer 353 a and asecond downconverting mixer 353 b that are in parallel with one anotherand operate with clock signal phases 360° (k−1)/N and 360° (k+1)/N,respectively. The kth filter circuit branch 343 further includes a lowpass filter 103 with transfer function h(t), a notch filter 113, and anupconverting mixer 93 that operates with clock signal phase 360° (k/N).

With continuing reference to FIG. 8, the Nth filter circuit branch 344further includes an Nth DIDS downconverter implemented using a firstdownconverting mixer 354 a and a second downconverting mixer 354 b thatare in parallel with one another and operate with clock signal phases360° (N−1)/N and 360° (N+1)/N, respectively. The Nth filter circuitbranch 344 further includes a low pass filter 104 with transfer functionh(t), a notch filter 114, and an upconverting mixer 94 that operateswith clock signal phase 360° (N/N).

In this embodiment, each upconverting mixer operates with a clock signalphase that is about half way between the pair of clock signal phases ofa corresponding DIDS downconverter. Additionally, each DIDSdownconverter operates with a pair of clock signals that are about720°/N apart in phase.

Although FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate two examples of multipath bandpassfilters that include filter circuit branches with DIDS downconverters,any of the multipath bandpass filters described herein can beimplemented with DIDS downconverters.

Examples of RF Systems, Modules, and Devices Implemented with One orMore Multipath Bandpass Filters

Multipath bandpass filters can be implemented in a wide range of RFsystems, modules, and devices. Although various examples of such RFsystems, modules, and devices are described, the teachings herein areapplicable to a wide range of electronics.

FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an RF system 720.The RF system 720 includes baseband processor 701, a transceiver 702, afront-end 703, and an antenna 704. The transceiver 702 includes areceiver chain 705 and a transmitter chain 706.

As shown in FIG. 9A, various circuitry of the RF system 720 can includeone or more multipath bandpass filters implemented in accordance withthe teachings herein. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, thefront-end 703 includes one or more multipath bandpass filters 711, thereceive chain 705 includes one or more multipath bandpass filters 712,and/or the transmit chain 706 includes one or more multipath bandpassfilters 713. Although an example configuration of multipath bandpassfilters is shown, an RF system can include multipath bandpass filtersimplemented in a wide variety of ways.

FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an RF system730. The RF system 730 includes a baseband processor 701, a receivecircuit 745, a transmit circuit 746, a front-end system 703, and anantenna 704. The RF system 730 illustrates one example implementation ofradio frequency circuitry suitable for operation in a mobile device orbase station. However, mobile devices and base stations can beimplemented in a wide variety of ways.

The RF system 730 can be used for transmitting and/or receiving RFsignals using a variety of communication standards, including, forexample, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), Long Term Evolution(LTE), Advanced LTE, 3G (including 3GPP), 4G, Enhanced Data Rates forGSM Evolution (EDGE), wireless local loop (WLL), and/or WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), as well as otherproprietary and non-proprietary communications standards.

The transmit circuit 746 and the receive circuit 745 can be used fortransmitting and receiving signals over the antenna 704. Although oneimplementation of the RF system 730 is illustrated in FIG. 9B, the RFsystem 730 can be modified in any suitable manner. For example, the RFsystem 730 can be modified to include additional transmit circuits,receive circuits, front-ends, and/or antennas.

In the illustrated configuration, the receive circuit 745 includes adigital step attenuator (DSA) 732, a local oscillator 722, a first mixer723 a, a second mixer 723 b, a first programmable gain amplifier (PGA)725 a, a second PGA 725 b, a first filter 727 a, a second filter 727 b,a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 729 a, and a second ADC 729 b.Although one implementation of a receive circuit is illustrated in FIG.9B, a receive circuit can include more or fewer components and/or adifferent arrangement of components.

An RF signal can be received on the antenna 704 and provided to thereceive circuit 745 using the front-end system 703. For example, thefront-end system 703 can be controlled to electrically couple theantenna 704 to an input of the DSA 732. In the illustrated embodiment,an amount of attenuation provided by the DSA 732 isdigitally-controllable, and can be set to achieve a desired signal powerlevel.

The first and second mixers 723 a, 723 b receive first and second localoscillator clock signals, respectively, from the local oscillator 722.The first and second local oscillator clock signals can have about thesame frequency and a phase difference equal to about a quarter of aperiod, or about 90°. The first and second mixers 723 a, 723 bdownconvert the output of the DSA 732 using the first and second localoscillator clock signals, respectively, thereby generating first andsecond demodulated signals. The first and second demodulated signals canhave a relative phase difference of about a quarter of a period, orabout 90°, and can correspond to an in-phase (I) receive signal and aquadrature-phase (Q) signal, respectively. In certain implementations,one of the first or second oscillator clock signals is generated byphase shifting from the other.

The first and second local oscillator clock signals can have a frequencyselected to achieve a desired intermediate frequency and/or basebandfrequency for the first and second demodulated signals. For example,multiplying the output of the DSA 732 by a sinusoidal signal from thelocal oscillator 722 can produce a mixed signal having a frequencycontent centered about the sum and difference frequencies of the carrierfrequency of the DSA output signal and the oscillation frequency of thelocal oscillator 722.

In the illustrated configuration, the first and second demodulatedsignals are amplified using the first and second programmable gainamplifiers 725 a, 725 b, respectively. To aid in reducing output noise,the outputs of the first and second programmable gain amplifiers 725 a,725 b can be filtered using the first and second filters 727 a, 727 b,which can be any suitable filter, including, for example, low pass, bandpass, or high pass filters. The outputs of the first and second filters727 a, 727 b can be provided to the first and second ADCs 729 a, 729 b,respectively. The first and second ADCs 729 a, 729 b can have anysuitable resolution. In the illustrated configuration, the outputs ofthe first and second ADCs 729 a, 729 b are provided to the basebandprocessor 701 for processing.

The baseband processor 701 can be implemented in a variety of ways. Forinstance, the baseband processor 701 can include a digital signalprocessor, a microprocessor, a programmable core, the like, or anycombination thereof. Moreover, in some implementations, two or morebaseband processors can be included in the RF system 730.

As shown in FIG. 9B, the transmit circuit 746 receives data from thebaseband processor 701 and is used to transmit RF signals via theantenna 704. The transmit circuit 746 and the receive circuit 745 bothoperate using the antenna 704, and access to the antenna 704 iscontrolled using the front-end system 703. The illustrated transmitcircuit 746 includes first and second digital-to-analog converters(DACs) 737 a, 737 b, first and second filters 739 a, 739 b, first andsecond mixers 741 a, 741 b, a local oscillator 743, a combiner 742, aDSA 732, and an output filter 751. Although one implementation of atransmit circuit is illustrated in FIG. 9B, a transmit circuit caninclude more or fewer components and/or a different arrangement ofcomponents.

The baseband processor 701 can output a digital in-phase (I) signal anda digital quadrature-phase (Q) signal, which can be separately processeduntil they are combined using the combiner 742. The first DAC 737 aconverts the digital I signal into an analog I signal, and the secondDAC 737 b converts the digital Q signal into an analog Q signal. Thefirst and second DACs 737 a, 737 b can have any suitable precision. Theanalog I signal and the analog Q signal can be filtered using the firstand second filters 739 a, 739 b, respectively. The outputs of the firstand second filters 739 a, 739 b can be upconverted using the first andsecond mixers 741 a, 741 b, respectively. For example, the first mixer741 a is used to upconvert the output of the first filter 739 a based onan oscillation frequency of the local oscillator 743, and the secondmixer 741 b is used to upconvert the output of the second filter 739 bbased on the oscillation frequency of the local oscillator 743.

The combiner 742 combines the outputs of the first and second mixers 741a, 741 b to generate a combined RF signal. The combined RF signal isprovided to an input of the DSA 732, which is used to control a signalpower level of the combined RF signal.

The output of the DSA 732 can be filtered using the output filter 751,which can be, for example, a low pass, band pass, or high pass filterconfigured to remove noise and/or unwanted frequency components from thesignal. The output of the output filter 751 is provided to the antenna704 through the front-end system 703, which can include a poweramplifier.

The illustrated RF system 730 can include one or more multipath bandpassfilters implemented using one or more features discloses herein. Forexample, the RF front-end system 703, the receive circuit 745, and/orthe transmit circuit 746 can include one or more multipath bandpassfilters with passband notches.

Although FIG. 9B illustrates one example of an RF system that caninclude a front-end system implemented in accordance with the teachingsherein, the front-end systems herein can be used in other configurationsof electronics.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a mobile device 800.The mobile device 800 includes a baseband system 801, a transceiver 802,a front end system 803, antennas 804, a power management system 805, amemory 806, a user interface 807, and a battery 808.

The mobile device 800 can be used communicate using a wide variety ofcommunications technologies, including, but not limited to, 2G, 3G, 4G(including LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro), 5G NR, WLAN (forinstance, Wi-Fi), WPAN (for instance, Bluetooth and ZigBee), WMAN (forinstance, WiMax), and/or GPS technologies.

The transceiver 802 generates RF signals for transmission and processesincoming RF signals received from the antennas 804. It will beunderstood that various functionalities associated with the transmissionand receiving of RF signals can be achieved by one or more componentsthat are collectively represented in FIG. 10 as the transceiver 802. Inone example, separate components (for instance, separate circuits ordies) can be provided for handling certain types of RF signals.

The front end system 803 aids is conditioning signals transmitted toand/or received from the antennas 804. In the illustrated embodiment,the front end system 803 includes power amplifiers (PAs) 811, low noiseamplifiers (LNAs) 812, filters 813, switches 814, and duplexers 815.However, other implementations are possible.

For example, the front end system 803 can provide a number offunctionalities, including, but not limited to, amplifying signals fortransmission, amplifying received signals, filtering signals, switchingbetween different bands, switching between different power modes,switching between transmission and receiving modes, duplexing ofsignals, multiplexing of signals (for instance, diplexing ortriplexing), or some combination thereof.

The filters 813 of the front end system 803 can include one or moremultipath bandpass filters implemented in accordance with the teachingsherein.

In certain implementations, the mobile device 800 supports carrieraggregation, thereby providing flexibility to increase peak data rates.Carrier aggregation can be used for both Frequency Division Duplexing(FDD) and Time Division Duplexing (TDD), and may be used to aggregate aplurality of carriers or channels. Carrier aggregation includescontiguous aggregation, in which contiguous carriers within the sameoperating frequency band are aggregated. Carrier aggregation can also benon-contiguous, and can include carriers separated in frequency within acommon band or in different bands.

The antennas 804 can include antennas used for a wide variety of typesof communications. For example, the antennas 804 can include antennasfor transmitting and/or receiving signals associated with a wide varietyof frequencies and communications standards.

In certain implementations, the antennas 804 support MIMO communicationsand/or switched diversity communications. For example, MIMOcommunications use multiple antennas for communicating multiple datastreams over a single radio frequency channel. MIMO communicationsbenefit from higher signal to noise ratio, improved coding, and/orreduced signal interference due to spatial multiplexing differences ofthe radio environment. Switched diversity refers to communications inwhich a particular antenna is selected for operation at a particulartime. For example, a switch can be used to select a particular antennafrom a group of antennas based on a variety of factors, such as anobserved bit error rate and/or a signal strength indicator.

The mobile device 800 can operate with beamforming in certainimplementations. For example, the front end system 803 can include phaseshifters having variable phase controlled by the transceiver 802.Additionally, the phase shifters are controlled to provide beamformation and directivity for transmission and/or reception of signalsusing the antennas 804. For example, in the context of signaltransmission, the phases of the transmit signals provided to theantennas 804 are controlled such that radiated signals from the antennas804 combine using constructive and destructive interference to generatean aggregate transmit signal exhibiting beam-like qualities with moresignal strength propagating in a given direction. In the context ofsignal reception, the phases are controlled such that more signal energyis received when the signal is arriving to the antennas 804 from aparticular direction. In certain implementations, the antennas 804include one or more arrays of antenna elements to enhance beamforming.

The baseband system 801 is coupled to the user interface 807 tofacilitate processing of various user input and output (I/O), such asvoice and data. The baseband system 801 provides the transceiver 802with digital representations of transmit signals, which the transceiver802 processes to generate RF signals for transmission. The basebandsystem 801 also processes digital representations of received signalsprovided by the transceiver 802. As shown in FIG. 10, the basebandsystem 801 is coupled to the memory 806 of facilitate operation of themobile device 800.

The memory 806 can be used for a wide variety of purposes, such asstoring data and/or instructions to facilitate the operation of themobile device 800 and/or to provide storage of user information.

The power management system 805 provides a number of power managementfunctions of the mobile device 800. In certain implementations, thepower management system 805 includes a PA supply control circuit thatcontrols the supply voltages of the power amplifiers 811. For example,the power management system 805 can be configured to change the supplyvoltage(s) provided to one or more of the power amplifiers 811 toimprove efficiency, such as power added efficiency (PAE).

As shown in FIG. 10, the power management system 805 receives a batteryvoltage from the battery 808. The battery 808 can be any suitablebattery for use in the mobile device 800, including, for example, alithium-ion battery.

FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a packaged module900. FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of the packagedmodule 900 of FIG. 11A taken along the lines 11B-11B.

The packaged module 900 includes radio frequency components 901, asemiconductor die 902, surface mount devices 903, wirebonds 908, apackage substrate 920, and encapsulation structure 940. The packagesubstrate 920 includes pads 906 formed from conductors disposed therein.Additionally, the semiconductor die 902 includes pins or pads 904, andthe wirebonds 908 have been used to connect the pads 904 of the die 902to the pads 906 of the package substrate 920.

The semiconductor die 902 includes at least one multipath bandpassfilter 910 implemented in accordance with the teachings herein. Incertain implementations, the packaged module 900 corresponds to afront-end module (FEM).

Although the packaged module 900 illustrates one example of a moduleimplemented in accordance with the teachings herein, otherimplementations are possible.

As shown in FIG. 11B, the packaged module 900 is shown to include aplurality of contact pads 932 disposed on the side of the packagedmodule 900 opposite the side used to mount the semiconductor die 902.Configuring the packaged module 900 in this manner can aid in connectingthe packaged module 900 to a circuit board, such as a phone board of awireless device. The example contact pads 932 can be configured toprovide radio frequency signals, bias signals, and/or power (forexample, a power supply voltage and ground) to the semiconductor die902. As shown in FIG. 11B, the electrical connections between thecontact pads 932 and the semiconductor die 902 can be facilitated byconnections 933 through the package substrate 920. The connections 933can represent electrical paths formed through the package substrate 920,such as connections associated with vias and conductors of a multilayerlaminated package substrate.

In some embodiments, the packaged module 900 can also include one ormore packaging structures to, for example, provide protection and/orfacilitate handling. Such a packaging structure can include overmold orencapsulation structure 940 formed over the packaging substrate 920 andthe components and die(s) disposed thereon.

It will be understood that although the packaged module 900 is describedin the context of electrical connections based on wirebonds, one or morefeatures of the present disclosure can also be implemented in otherpackaging configurations, including, for example, flip-chipconfigurations.

Multipath bandpass filters with passband notches can be included invarious electronic devices, including, but not limited to consumerelectronic products, parts of the consumer electronic products,electronic test equipment, etc. Examples of the electronic devices canalso include, but are not limited to, circuits of communicationnetworks. The consumer electronic products can include, but are notlimited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a television, a computer monitor,a computer, a hand-held computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), amicrowave, a refrigerator, an automobile, a stereo system, a cassetterecorder or player, a DVD player, a CD player, a VCR, an MP3 player, aradio, a camcorder, a camera, a digital camera, a portable memory chip,a washer, a dryer, a washer/dryer, a copier, a facsimile machine, ascanner, a multi-functional peripheral device, a wrist watch, a clock,etc. Further, the electronic devices can include unfinished products.

CONCLUSION

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout thedescription and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and thelike are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to anexclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of“including, but not limited to.” The word “coupled”, as generally usedherein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directlyconnected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements.Likewise, the word “connected”, as generally used herein, refers to twoor more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected byway of one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words“herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used inthis application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not toany particular portions of this application. Where the context permits,words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or pluralnumber may also include the plural or singular number respectively. Theword “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word coversall of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items inthe list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the itemsin the list.

Moreover, conditional language used herein, such as, among others,“can,” “could,” “might,” “can,” “e.g.,” “for example,” “such as” and thelike, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understoodwithin the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certainembodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certainfeatures, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is notgenerally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are inany way required for one or more embodiments or that one or moreembodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or withoutauthor input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/orstates are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.

The above detailed description of embodiments of the invention is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formdisclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, theinvention are described above for illustrative purposes, variousequivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention,as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, whileprocesses or blocks are presented in a given order, alternativeembodiments may perform routines having steps, or employ systems havingblocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may bedeleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified. Each ofthese processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of differentways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as beingperformed in series, these processes or blocks may instead be performedin parallel, or may be performed at different times.

The teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to othersystems, not necessarily the system described above. The elements andacts of the various embodiments described above can be combined toprovide further embodiments.

While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, theseembodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are notintended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novel methodsand systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of otherforms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in theform of the methods and systems described herein may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims andtheir equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications aswould fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.

1. (canceled)
 2. A multipath filter comprising: an input terminalconfigured to receive a radio frequency signal; an output terminalconfigured to output a bandpass radio frequency signal with at least onepassband notch; a first filter circuit branch electrically connectedbetween the input terminal and the output terminal, the first filtercircuit branch including a first downconverter, a first filter network,and a first upconverter in cascade, the first filter network including afirst low pass filter and a first notch filter; and a second filtercircuit branch electrically connected between the input terminal and theoutput terminal and in parallel with the first filter circuit branch,the second filter circuit branch including a second downconverter, asecond filter network, and a second upconverter in cascade, the secondfilter network including a second low pass filter and a second notchfilter.
 3. The multipath filter of claim 2 wherein the firstdownconverter operates with a first clock signal and the firstupconverter operates with a second clock signal, the first clock signaland the second clock signal having a common clock signal frequency butdifferent phases.
 4. The multipath filter of claim 2 wherein the firstdownconverter operates with a first clock signal and the seconddownconverter operates with a second clock signal, the first clocksignal and the second clock signal having a common clock signalfrequency but different phases.
 5. The multipath filter of claim 2further comprising a third filter circuit branch electrically connectedbetween the input terminal and the output terminal and in parallel withthe first filter circuit branch and the second filter circuit branch,the third filter circuit branch including a third downconverter, a thirdfilter network, and a third upconverter in cascade.
 6. The multipathfilter of claim 5 further comprising a fourth filter circuit branchelectrically connected between the input terminal and the outputterminal and in parallel with the first filter circuit branch, thesecond filter circuit branch, and the third filter circuit branch, thefourth filter circuit branch including a fourth downconverter, a fourthfilter network, and a fourth upconverter in cascade.
 7. The multipathfilter of claim 2 wherein the first filter circuit branch and the secondfilter circuit branch are each implemented differentially.
 8. Themultipath filter of claim 2 wherein the first notch filter and thesecond notch filter are operable to control a location in frequency ofthe at least one passband notch.
 9. A mobile device comprising: anantenna configured to receive a radio frequency signal; and a front endsystem including a multipath filter configured to receive the radiofrequency signal at an input terminal and to output a bandpass radiofrequency signal with at least one passband notch at an output terminal,the multipath filter including a first filter circuit branchelectrically connected between the input terminal and the outputterminal, the first filter circuit branch including a firstdownconverter, a first filter network, and a first upconverter incascade, the first filter network including a first low pass filter anda first notch filter, the multipath filter further including a secondfilter circuit branch electrically connected between the input terminaland the output terminal and in parallel with the first filter circuitbranch, the second filter circuit branch including a seconddownconverter, a second filter network, and a second upconverter incascade, the second filter network including a second low pass filterand a second notch filter.
 10. The mobile device of claim 9 furthercomprising a transceiver configured to receive the bandpass radiofrequency signal.
 11. The mobile device of claim 9 wherein the firstdownconverter operates with a first clock signal and the firstupconverter operates with a second clock signal, the first clock signaland the second clock signal having a common clock signal frequency butdifferent phases.
 12. The mobile device of claim 9 wherein the firstdownconverter operates with a first clock signal and the seconddownconverter operates with a second clock signal, the first clocksignal and the second clock signal having a common clock signalfrequency but different phases.
 13. The mobile device of claim 9 whereinthe multipath filter further includes a third filter circuit branchelectrically connected between the input terminal and the outputterminal and in parallel with the first filter circuit branch and thesecond filter circuit branch, the third filter circuit branch includinga third downconverter, a third filter network, and a third upconverterin cascade.
 14. The mobile device of claim 9 wherein the first filtercircuit branch and the second filter circuit branch are each implementeddifferentially.
 15. The mobile device of claim 9 wherein the first notchfilter and the second notch filter are operable to control a location infrequency of the at least one passband notch.
 16. A packaged modulecomprising: a package substrate; and a semiconductor die attached to thepackage substrate, the semiconductor die including a multipath filterconfigured to receive the radio frequency signal at an input terminaland to output a bandpass radio frequency signal with at least onepassband notch at an output terminal, the multipath filter including afirst filter circuit branch electrically connected between the inputterminal and the output terminal, the first filter circuit branchincluding a first downconverter, a first filter network, and a firstupconverter in cascade, the first filter network including a first lowpass filter and a first notch filter, the multipath filter furtherincluding a second filter circuit branch electrically connected betweenthe input terminal and the output terminal and in parallel with thefirst filter circuit branch, the second filter circuit branch includinga second downconverter, a second filter network, and a secondupconverter in cascade, the second filter network including a second lowpass filter and a second notch filter.
 17. The packaged module of claim16 wherein the first downconverter operates with a first clock signaland the first upconverter operates with a second clock signal, the firstclock signal and the second clock signal having a common clock signalfrequency but different phases.
 18. The packaged module of claim 16wherein the first downconverter operates with a first clock signal andthe second downconverter operates with a second clock signal, the firstclock signal and the second clock signal having a common clock signalfrequency but different phases.
 19. The packaged module of claim 16wherein the multipath filter further includes a third filter circuitbranch electrically connected between the input terminal and the outputterminal and in parallel with the first filter circuit branch and thesecond filter circuit branch, the third filter circuit branch includinga third downconverter, a third filter network, and a third upconverterin cascade.
 20. The packaged module of claim 16 wherein the first filtercircuit branch and the second filter circuit branch are each implementeddifferentially.
 21. The packaged module of claim 16 wherein the firstnotch filter and the second notch filter are operable to control alocation in frequency of the at least one passband notch.